22 research outputs found
Survival Prediction from Imbalance colorectal cancer dataset using hybrid sampling methods and tree-based classifiers
Background and Objective: Colorectal cancer is a high mortality cancer.
Clinical data analysis plays a crucial role in predicting the survival of
colorectal cancer patients, enabling clinicians to make informed treatment
decisions. However, utilizing clinical data can be challenging, especially when
dealing with imbalanced outcomes. This paper focuses on developing algorithms
to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival of colorectal cancer patients using
clinical datasets, with particular emphasis on the highly imbalanced 1-year
survival prediction task. To address this issue, we propose a method that
creates a pipeline of some of standard balancing techniques to increase the
true positive rate. Evaluation is conducted on a colorectal cancer dataset from
the SEER database. Methods: The pre-processing step consists of removing
records with missing values and merging categories. The minority class of
1-year and 3-year survival tasks consists of 10% and 20% of the data,
respectively. Edited Nearest Neighbor, Repeated edited nearest neighbor (RENN),
Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Techniques (SMOTE), and pipelines of SMOTE and
RENN approaches were used and compared for balancing the data with tree-based
classifiers. Decision Trees, Random Forest, Extra Tree, eXtreme Gradient
Boosting, and Light Gradient Boosting (LGBM) are used in this article. Method.
Results: The performance evaluation utilizes a 5-fold cross-validation
approach. In the case of highly imbalanced datasets (1-year), our proposed
method with LGBM outperforms other sampling methods with the sensitivity of
72.30%. For the task of imbalance (3-year survival), the combination of RENN
and LGBM achieves a sensitivity of 80.81%, indicating that our proposed method
works best for highly imbalanced datasets. Conclusions: Our proposed method
significantly improves mortality prediction for the minority class of
colorectal cancer patients.Comment: 19 Pages, 6 Figures, 4 Table
A genetic variant in the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily R member 1 determines response to vitamin D supplementation
Background
Globally, about 1 billion people have inadequate levels of serum vitamin D and it is prevalent in all ethnicities and age groups. Few foods naturally contain sufficient vitamin D; therefore, most people get their requirements through supplementation. Hence vitamin D status is affected by genetic and environmental determinants including season of measurement, diet habitual, health status, body mass index and concurrent medication. Further studies are necessary to understand how genetic variation influences vitamin D metabolism. We aimed to explore the association between a potential vitamin D-related polymorphism (the rs10766197 polymorphism in the CYP2R1 gene) with the response to supplementation of vitamin D in 253 healthy Iranian girls.
Material and method
A total of 253 healthy subjects received 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 weekly for 9 weeks. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations and metabolic profiles were measured at baseline and after 9 weeks of supplementation. The genotypes of the CYP2R1 variant (rs10766197) were identified using TaqMan genotyping assays.
Results
Serum 25(OH)D during the supplementation, increased in all individuals. Subjects with a AA major genotype at this locus had higher vitamin D concentrations after intervention (Changes (%) 448.4% ± 425% in AA vs 382.7% ± 301% in GG). This genetic variant modulated the response to supplementation (p < 0.001 and p-value SNP = 0.05). Regression analysis showed that the probability of affecting serum 25(OH)D, in individuals who had homozygous major allele GG was two-fold higher than carriers of the uncommon allele A (OR = 2.1 (1â4.2); p = 0.03). Interestingly, the Hs-CRP was reduced in AA carries while was elevated in individuals with GG and AG genotypes, after high-dose vitamin D supplementation.
Conclusion
Changes in serum vitamin D and metabolic profile following high dose supplementation with vitamin D were associated with CYP2R1 polymorphism. Although carriers of the common G allele showed a greater response in the serum vitamin D
Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1â70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6â70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organizationâs Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8â38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8â67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic
Kinship, Fractionalization and Corruption
We examine the roots of variation in corruption across societies, and we argue that marriage practices and family structure are an important, overlooked determinant of corruption. By shaping patterns of relatedness and interaction, marriage practices influence the relative returns to norms of nepotism/favoritism versus norms of impartial cooperation. In-marriage (e.g. consanguineous marriage) generates fractionalization because it yields relatively closed groups of related individuals and thereby encourages favoritism and corruption. Out-marriage creates a relatively open society with increased interaction between non-relatives and strangers, thereby encouraging impartiality. We report a robust association between in-marriage practices and corruption both across countries and within countries. Instrumental variables estimates exploiting historical variation in preferred marriage practices and in exposure to the Catholic Churchâs family policies provide evidence that the relationship could be causal
Complicated atopic dermatitis in a healthy infant: Homemade walnut cream
Key Clinical Message Healthcare providers should educate patients on the appropriate use of topical agents and the potential risks associated with nonâstandardized formulations, especially for infants and young children. Abstract Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is an unconventional treatment method used alongside or in addition to conventional medical treatment methods to improve the healing process. Inappropriate administration of CAM can worsen the condition of diseases and have potential hazards for patients. Herbal therapy is one of the most famous and widely used CAMs in treating various skin disorders. In this case, we report a 4âmonthâold girl with atopic dermatitis who demonstrates ulceronecrotic lesions on her face and extremities besides sepsis 3âdays after a walnut's homemade cream consumption. She was treated with intravenous clindamycin and wetâtoâdry dressing to remove the scabs. This case report shows the potentially hazardous effects of misused traditional and homemade herbal therapy. It highlighted the need to pay particular attention when CAMs are used, especially for infants and young children
Iranian women's attitude toward childbearing and its' association with generalized trust, social support, marital satisfaction and governmental childbearing incentives
Background: Having a child is important event for families worldwide. Attitudes toward childbearing are influenced by many factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate Iranian women's attitude toward childbearing and its association with generalized trust, social support, marital satisfaction, mental health, and socio-economic characteristics in Qazvin province. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted between April and July 2022. Using convenience sampling, 347 women with no children or one child in Qazvin province (Iran) participated in the study. Data were collected via the Iranian online platform Porsline. The survey included a demographic and fertility characteristics questionnaire, Attitudes Toward the Government's Childbearing Incentives Scale (ATGCIS), Attitudes Toward Fertility and Childbearing Scale (ATFCS), ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (ENRICH MSS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Generalized Trust Scale (GTS). Findings: The average age of participants was 35.66 years (SD = 6.89). The score of attitudes toward fertility and childbearing was 84.66 out of 134 (SD = 19.17). The average number of expected children by the couple was 2.36 (SD = 1.35). Multivariable linear regression found a positive and significant relationship between participants' attitudes toward fertility and childbearing (ATFC) and (i) governmental childbearing incentives (ÎČ = 0.365, p < 0.001, with 1.37 increase in ATFC with each unit increase in this scale) (ii) generalized trust (i.e., individual's expectation of others' trustworthiness), (ÎČ = 0.155, p < 0.003, with 0.60 increase in ATFC with each unit increase in generalized trust) and (iii) marital satisfaction (ÎČ = 0.146, p < 0.005, with 0.26 increase in ATFC with each unit increase marital satisfaction). The multivariable linear regression model also showed that attitudes toward fertility and childbearing was the only predictor of couples' expected number of children in the future (ÎČ = 0.214, p < 0.001, with 0.38 increase in couples' expected number of children with each unit increase in ATFC). Conclusion: Government incentives were the strongest independent predictor of participants' attitudes toward childbearing which can indirectly influence couples' expected number of children in the future. Consequently, governments may be able to influence couples' childbearing decisions by providing appropriate incentives. Generalized trust and marital satisfaction were other significant predictors of attitudes toward childbearing. Therefore, implementing programs to improve generalized trust, and increasing marital satisfaction might be other influential measures in couplesâ childbearing decisions